如何在 Linux 中使用“Rootkit Hunter”扫描 Rootkit、后门和漏洞
伙计们,如果您是 howtoing.com 的常客,您会注意到这是我们关于安全工具的第三篇文章。在我们的前两篇文章中,我们为您提供了如何保护 Apache 和 Linux 系统免受恶意软件、DOS、使用 mod_security 和 mod_evasive 以及 LMD(Linux 恶意软件检测)进行和DDOS攻击。
我们在这里再次介绍一种名为 Rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter) 的新安全工具。本文将指导您使用源代码在 Linux 系统中安装和配置 RKH (RootKit Hunter)。
Rkhunter是什么?
Rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter) 是一款基于 Unix/Linux 的开源扫描工具,适用于按照 GPL 发布的 Linux 系统,可扫描后门、rootkit 和恶意软件。您系统上的本地漏洞。
它会扫描隐藏文件、二进制文件上设置的错误权限、内核中的可疑字符串等。要了解有关 Rkhunter 及其功能的更多信息,请访问 http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net/。
在 Linux 系统中安装 Rootkit Hunter 扫描程序
第1步:下载Rkhunter
首先,访问 http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net/ 下载最新稳定版本的 Rkhunter 工具,或使用下面的 Wget 命令将其下载到您的系统上。
cd /tmp
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/rkhunter/rkhunter/1.4.6/rkhunter-1.4.6.tar.gz
第2步:安装Rkhunter
下载最新版本后,以 root 用户身份运行以下命令来安装它。
tar -xvf rkhunter-1.4.6.tar.gz
cd rkhunter-1.4.6
./installer.sh --layout default --install
样本输出
Checking system for:
Rootkit Hunter installer files: found
A web file download command: wget found
Starting installation:
Checking installation directory "/usr/local": it exists and is writable.
Checking installation directories:
Directory /usr/local/share/doc/rkhunter-1.4.2: creating: OK
Directory /usr/local/share/man/man8: exists and is writable.
Directory /etc: exists and is writable.
Directory /usr/local/bin: exists and is writable.
Directory /usr/local/lib64: exists and is writable.
Directory /var/lib: exists and is writable.
Directory /usr/local/lib64/rkhunter/scripts: creating: OK
Directory /var/lib/rkhunter/db: creating: OK
Directory /var/lib/rkhunter/tmp: creating: OK
Directory /var/lib/rkhunter/db/i18n: creating: OK
Directory /var/lib/rkhunter/db/signatures: creating: OK
Installing check_modules.pl: OK
Installing filehashsha.pl: OK
Installing stat.pl: OK
Installing readlink.sh: OK
Installing backdoorports.dat: OK
Installing mirrors.dat: OK
Installing programs_bad.dat: OK
Installing suspscan.dat: OK
Installing rkhunter.8: OK
Installing ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: OK
Installing CHANGELOG: OK
Installing FAQ: OK
Installing LICENSE: OK
Installing README: OK
Installing language support files: OK
Installing ClamAV signatures: OK
Installing rkhunter: OK
Installing rkhunter.conf: OK
Installation complete
第 3 步:更新 Rkhunter
通过运行以下命令来运行 RKH 更新程序来填充数据库属性。
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter --update
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter --propupd
样本输出
[ Rootkit Hunter version 1.4.6 ]
Checking rkhunter data files...
Checking file mirrors.dat [ Updated ]
Checking file programs_bad.dat [ No update ]
Checking file backdoorports.dat [ No update ]
Checking file suspscan.dat [ No update ]
Checking file i18n/cn [ No update ]
Checking file i18n/de [ No update ]
Checking file i18n/en [ No update ]
Checking file i18n/tr [ No update ]
Checking file i18n/tr.utf8 [ No update ]
Checking file i18n/zh [ No update ]
Checking file i18n/zh.utf8 [ No update ]
Checking file i18n/ja [ No update ]
File created: searched for 177 files, found 131, missing hashes 1
第 4 步:设置 Cronjob 和电子邮件警报
在 /etc/cron.daily/ 下创建一个名为 rkhunter.sh 的文件,然后该文件每天扫描您的文件系统并发送电子邮件通知到您的电子邮件 ID。在您喜欢的编辑器的帮助下创建以下文件。
vi /etc/cron.daily/rkhunter.sh
将以下代码行添加到其中,并将“YourServerNameHere”替换为您的“服务器名称”和“[电子邮件受保护]”与您的“电子邮件 ID”。
#!/bin/sh
(
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter --versioncheck
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter --update
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter --cronjob --report-warnings-only
) | /bin/mail -s 'rkhunter Daily Run (PutYourServerNameHere)' [email
设置文件的执行权限。
chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/rkhunter.sh
第5步:手动扫描和使用
要扫描整个文件系统,请以 root 用户身份运行 Rkhunter。
rkhunter --check
样本输出
[ Rootkit Hunter version 1.4.6 ]
Checking system commands...
Performing 'strings' command checks
Checking 'strings' command [ OK ]
Performing 'shared libraries' checks
Checking for preloading variables [ None found ]
Checking for preloaded libraries [ None found ]
Checking LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable [ Not found ]
Performing file properties checks
Checking for prerequisites [ OK ]
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/adduser [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/chkconfig [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/chroot [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/depmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/fsck [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/fuser [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/groupadd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/groupdel [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/groupmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/grpck [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/ifconfig [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/ifdown [ Warning ]
/usr/sbin/ifup [ Warning ]
/usr/sbin/init [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/insmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/ip [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/lsmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/lsof [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/modinfo [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/modprobe [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/nologin [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/pwck [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/rmmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/route [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/rsyslogd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/runlevel [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sestatus [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sshd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sulogin [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sysctl [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/tcpd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/useradd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/userdel [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/usermod [ OK ]
....
[Press to continue]
Checking for rootkits...
Performing check of known rootkit files and directories
55808 Trojan - Variant A [ Not found ]
ADM Worm [ Not found ]
AjaKit Rootkit [ Not found ]
Adore Rootkit [ Not found ]
aPa Kit [ Not found ]
.....
[Press to continue]
Performing additional rootkit checks
Suckit Rookit additional checks [ OK ]
Checking for possible rootkit files and directories [ None found ]
Checking for possible rootkit strings [ None found ]
....
[Press to continue]
Checking the network...
Performing checks on the network ports
Checking for backdoor ports [ None found ]
....
Performing system configuration file checks
Checking for an SSH configuration file [ Found ]
Checking if SSH root access is allowed [ Warning ]
Checking if SSH protocol v1 is allowed [ Warning ]
Checking for a running system logging daemon [ Found ]
Checking for a system logging configuration file [ Found ]
Checking if syslog remote logging is allowed [ Not allowed ]
...
System checks summary
=====================
File properties checks...
Files checked: 137
Suspect files: 6
Rootkit checks...
Rootkits checked : 383
Possible rootkits: 0
Applications checks...
Applications checked: 5
Suspect applications: 2
The system checks took: 5 minutes and 38 seconds
All results have been written to the log file: /var/log/rkhunter.log
One or more warnings have been found while checking the system.
Please check the log file (/var/log/rkhunter.log)
上面的命令在/var/log/rkhunter.log下生成一个日志文件,其中包含Rkhunter的检查结果。
cat /var/log/rkhunter.log
样本输出
[11:21:04] Running Rootkit Hunter version 1.4.6 on tecmint
[11:21:04]
[11:21:04] Info: Start date is Mon Dec 21 11:21:04 AM IST 2020
[11:21:04]
[11:21:04] Checking configuration file and command-line options...
[11:21:04] Info: Detected operating system is 'Linux'
[11:21:04] Info: Found O/S name: Fedora release 33 (Thirty Three)
[11:21:04] Info: Command line is /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --check
[11:21:04] Info: Environment shell is /bin/bash; rkhunter is using bash
[11:21:04] Info: Using configuration file '/etc/rkhunter.conf'
[11:21:04] Info: Installation directory is '/usr/local'
[11:21:04] Info: Using language 'en'
[11:21:04] Info: Using '/var/lib/rkhunter/db' as the database directory
[11:21:04] Info: Using '/usr/local/lib64/rkhunter/scripts' as the support script directory
[11:21:04] Info: Using '/usr/local/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/sbin /usr/bin /bin /sbin /usr/libexec /usr/local/libexec' as the command directories
[11:21:04] Info: Using '/var/lib/rkhunter/tmp' as the temporary directory
[11:21:04] Info: No mail-on-warning address configured
[11:21:04] Info: X will be automatically detected
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'basename' command: /usr/bin/basename
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'diff' command: /usr/bin/diff
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'dirname' command: /usr/bin/dirname
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'file' command: /usr/bin/file
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'find' command: /usr/bin/find
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'ifconfig' command: /usr/sbin/ifconfig
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'ip' command: /usr/sbin/ip
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'ipcs' command: /usr/bin/ipcs
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'ldd' command: /usr/bin/ldd
[11:21:04] Info: Found the 'lsattr' command: /usr/bin/lsattr
...
有关更多信息和选项,请运行以下命令。
rkhunter --help
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